Higher Classification: > Kingdom Animalia > Subkingdom Parazoa > Phylum Porifera > Subphylum Cellularia > Class Demospongiae > Subclass Verongimorpha > Order Chondrillida > Family Chondrillidae > Genus Chondrilla

Chondrilla nucula Schmidt, 1862

Rank: Species
Taxon Status: accepted

Relationships towards this taxon

Genus group names

*Chondrilla*	Schmidt, 1862	accepted genus name

Vernaculars (+) (-)

English: chicken liver sponge sources: Cole, T. C. H. (2017). Wörterbuch der Wirbellosen / Dictionary of Invertebrates. Latein-Deutsch-English. 2017. Springer Spektrum: Berlin. ISBN 978-3-662-52869-3. XII, 574 pp.

German: Glänzender Lederschwamm

Literature

original description	Schmidt, O. (1862). Die Spongien des adriatischen Meeres. (Wilhelm Engelmann: Leipzig): i-viii, 1-88, pls 1-7.
basis of record	Klautau, M.; Russo, C.; Lazoski, C.; Boury-Esnault, N.; Thorpe, J.; Solé-Cava, A.M. (1999). Does Cosmopolitanism Result from Overconservative Systematics? A Case Study Using the Marine Sponge Chondrilla nucula. Evolution. 55 (5) : 1414-1422.
additional source	Wilson, H.V. (1902 [1900]). The sponges collected in Porto Rico in 1899 by the U.S. Fish Commission Steamer Fish Hawk. Bulletin of the United States Fish Commission. 2: 375-411.
additional source	Rützler, K.; Díaz, M.C.; van Soest, R.W.M.; Zea, S.; Smith, K.P.; Alvarez, B.; Wulff, J. (2000). Diversity of sponge fauna in mangrove ponds, Pelican Cays, Belize. Atoll Research Bulletin. 476: 230-248.
additional source	Collette, B.B.; Rützler, K. 1977. Reef fishes over sponge bottoms off the mouth of the Amazon River. Proceedings 3rd International Coral Reef Symposium Miami, Florida, U.S.A. pp. 305-310.
additional source	Van Soest, R.W.M. (2001). Porifera, in: Costello, M.J. et al. (Ed.) (2001). European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels. 50: 85-103.
additional source	El-Bossery, A.M.; Shoukr, F.A.M.; El Komy, M.M.; Rady, H.M; El Arab, M.A.L.E. (2017). Sponges from Elphinstone Reef, Northern Red Sea, Egypt. The Egyptian journal of expzrimental biology (Zoology). 13(1): 79 – 89.
additional source	Lévi, C. (1959). Résultats scientifiques des Campagnes de la ‘Calypso'. Campagne de la ‘Calypso' dans le Golfe de Guinée et aux îles Principe, São Tomé et Annobon. 5. Spongiaires. Annales de l'Institut océanographique. 37 (4): 115-141, pls 5-6.
additional source	Lendenfeld, R. von. (1898). Die Clavulina der Adria. Nova acta Academiae Caesareae Leopoldino Carolinae germanicae naturaecuriosorum. 69: 1-251, pls I-XII.
additional source	Corriero, G.; Pansini, M.; Sarà, M. (1984). Sui Poriferi della insenatura della Strea a Porto Cesareo (Lecce). Thalassia Salentina. 14, 1-10.
additional source	Díaz, H.; Bevilacqua, M.; Bone, D. (1985). Esponjas en manglares del Parque Nacional Morrocoy. Fondo Editorial Acta Cientifica Venezolanos, Caracas. Pp. 1-62.
additional source	Carteron, S. (2002). Etude taxonomique des Spongiaires du Liban. Rapport de Maitrise, Centre d'Océanologie de Marseille. 1-26.
additional source	Rützler, K. (1986). Phylum Porifera (Sponges). Pp. 111-126. in: W. Sterrer (ed.) Marine Fauna and Flora of Bermuda. John Wiley & Sons, New York. i-xxx, 1-742.
additional source	Topsent, E. (1892). Contribution à l'étude des Spongiaires de l'Atlantique Nord (Golfe de Gascogne, Terre-Neuve, Açores). Résultats des campagnes scientifiques accomplies par le Prince Albert I. Monaco. 2: 1-165, pls I-XI.
additional source	Sarà, M. (1958). Contributo all consoscenza dei Poriferi del Mar Ligure. Annali di Museo Civico di Storia Naturale Genova. 70(1): 207-244.
additional source	Đorđević, N.; Petović, S. (2020). Diversity and distribution of class Demospongiae (phylum Porifera) in the Boka Kotorska bay. Studia Marina. 33 (2): 5-14.
additional source	Vacelet, J.; Vasseur, P. (1971). Éponges des récifs coralliens de Tuléar (Madagascar). Téthys. Supplément 1: 51-126.
additional source	Costa, G.; Giussani, V.; Kletou, D.; Kleitou, P.; Pansini, M.; Setti, A.; Pronzato, R.; Bertolino, M. (2018). A first preliminary study of the shallow water sponge fauna from Cyprus Island (Eastern Mediterranean). Zootaxa. 4450(5): 594.
additional source	Boury-Esnault, N. (1973). Résultats Scientifiques des Campagnes de la ‘Calypso'. Campagne de la ‘Calypso' au large des côtes atlantiques de l'Amérique du Sud (1961-1962). I. 29. Spongiaires. Annales de l'Institut océanographique. 49 (Supplement 10): 263-295.
additional source	Aloui-Bejaoui, N.; Afli, A. (2012). Functional diversity of the macro-invertebrate community in the port area of Kerkennah Islands (Tunisia). Mediteranean Marine Science. 13 (1): 93-102.
additional source	Pulitzer-Finali, G. (1978). Report on a Collection of Sponges from the Bay of Naples. III Hadromerida, Axinellida, Poecilosclerida, Halichondrida, Haplosclerida. Bollettino dei Musei e degli Istituti Biologici dell'Universitá di Genova. 45: 7-89.
additional source	Alcolado, P.M. 1976. Lista de nuevos registros de Poriferos para Cuba.Serie Oceanológica. Instituto de Oceanologia. Academia de Ciencias de Cuba. Oceanologia (36): 1-11.
additional source	Burton, M. (1936). The fishery ground near Alexandria. IX. Sponges. Notes and Memoirs of the Fisheries Research Directorate, Cairo. 17: 1-28.
additional source	Díaz, M.C.; Smith, K.P.; Rützler, K. (2004). Species richness and abundance as indicators of mangrove epibenthic community health. Atoll Research Bulletin. 518, 2-17.
additional source	Hussein, K.B.; Talet, L.B. (2019). A preliminary inventory of biodiversity and benthic habitats of “Plane” Island (Paloma) in Oran Bay, north western Algeria, (western Mediterranean). Journal of the Black Sea / Mediterranean Environment. 25 (1): 49-72.
additional source	Alcolado, PM. (2007). Comunidades de esponjas de manglares de Cuba in: Ecosistemas de manglar en el archipélago cubano, (eds Carrera, LM; Guzman JM). Academia de Cuba, La Habana. pp 243-253.
additional source	Lévi, C. (1965). Spongiaires récoltés par l'expédition israélienne dans le sud de la Mer Rouge en 1962. In: Israel South Red Sea Expedition, 1962, Report 13. Sea Fisheries Research Station Haifa Bulletin. 39, 3-27.
additional source	Lehnert, H.; van Soest, R.W.M. (1998). Shallow water sponges of Jamaica. Beaufortia. 48 (5): 71-103.
additional source	Wiedenmayer, F. (1977). Shallow-water sponges of the western Bahamas. Experientia Supplementum. 28: 1-287, pls 1-43.
additional source	Voultsiadou, E. (2005). Sponge diversity in the Aegean Sea: Check list and new information. Italian Zoology. 72 (1): 53-64.
additional source	Rützler, K. (1965). Systematik und Ökologie der Poriferen aus Litoral-Schattengebieten der Nordadria. Zeitschrift für Morphologie und Ökologie der Tiere. 55(1): 1-82.
additional source	Longo, C.; Cardone, F.; Pierri, C.; Mercurio, M.; Mucciolo, S.; Marzano, C.N.; Corriero, G. (2018). Sponges associated with coralligenous formations along the Apulian coasts. Marine Biodiversity. 48(4): 2151-2163.
additional source	Little, F.J. Jr. (1963). The sponge fauna of the St. George's Sound, Apalache Bay, and Panama City Regions of the Florida Gulf Coast. Tulane Studies in Zoology 11(2). 31-71.
additional source	Labate, M. (1964). Poriferi di grotta superficiale del litorale adriatico pugliese. Annali del Pontificio Istituto Scienze e Lettere S. Chiara, Napoli. 14, 319-342.
additional source	Pulitzer-Finali, G. (1983). A collection of Mediterranean Demospongiae (Porifera) with, in appendix, a list of the Demospongiae hitherto recorded from the Mediterranean Sea. Annali del Museo civico di storia naturale Giacomo Doria. 84: 445-621.
additional source	Thomas, P.A. (1973). Marine Demospongiae of Mahe Island in the Seychelles Bank (Indian Ocean). Annales du Musée royal de l'Afrique centrale. Sciences zoologiques. (203): 1-96, pls 1-8.
additional source	Laubenfels, M.W. de. (1950). The Porifera of the Bermuda archipelago. Transactions of the Zoological Society of London. 27(1): 1-154.
additional source	Hechtel, G.J. (1969). New species and records of shallow-water Demospongiae from Barbados, West Indies. Postilla. 132, 1-38.
additional source	Laubenfels, M.W. de. (1954). The Sponges of the West-Central Pacific. Oregon State Monographs. Studies in Zoology. 7: i-x, 1-306,pls I-XII.
additional source	Díaz, M.C. (2005). Common sponges from shallow marine habitats from Bocas del Toro region, Panama. Caribbean Journal of Science. 41(3): 465-475.
additional source	Hechtel, G.J. (1965). A systematic study of the Demospongiae of Port Royal, Jamaica. Bulletin of the Peabody Museum of Natural History. 20: 1-103.
additional source	Laubenfels, M.W. de. (1949). Sponges of the western Bahamas. American Museum Novitates. 1431: 1-25.
additional source	Vacelet, J. (1961). Spongiaires (Démosponges) de la région de Bonifacio (Corse). Recueil des Travaux de la Station marine d'Endoume. 22 (36): 21-45.
additional source	Vacelet, J.; Vasseur, P. (1977). Sponge distribution in coral reefs and related areas in the vicinity of Tulear (Madagascar). Proceedings of the Third International Coral Reef Symposium. 1977, 113-117.
additional source	Muricy, G.; Lopes, D.A.; Hajdu, E; Carvalho, M.S.; Moraes, F.C.; Klautau, M.; Menegola, C.; Pinheiro, U. (2011). Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera. Museu Nacional, Série Livros. 300 pp.
additional source	Wintermann-Kilian, G.; Kilian, E.F. (1984). Marine Sponges of the Region of Santa Marta (Colombia). Part II. Homosclerophorida, Choristida, Spirophorida, Hadromerida, Axinellida, Halichondrida, Poecilosclerida. Studies on the Neotropical Fauna and Environment. 19(3): 121-135.
additional source	Pulitzer-Finali, G. (1986). A collection of West Indian Demospongiae (Porifera). In appendix, a list of the Demospongiae hitherto recorded from the West Indies. Annali del Museo civico di storia naturale Giacomo Doria. 86: 65-216.
additional source	Sarà, M.; Siribelli, L. (1960). La fauna di Poriferi delle 'secche' del Golfo di Napoli. 1. La 'secca' della Gaiola. Annuario dell'Istituto e Museo de Zoologia dell'Università di Napoli. 12(3): 1-93.
additional source	Krikech, I.; Le Pennec, G.; Ezziyyani, M. (2022). Preliminary study of the shallow water sponges (Demospongiae) from the north-central Moroccan Mediterranean coast. AACL Bioflux. 15 (1): 305-313.
additional source	Corriero, G.; Scalera-Liaci, L.; Gristina, M.; Riggio, S.; Mercurio, M. (1997). Composizione tassonomica e distribuzione della fauna e Poriferi e Briozoi in una grotta semisommersa della riserva naturale marina "Isola di Ustica". Biologia Marina Mediterranea. 4 (1), 34-43.
additional source	Ben Mustapha, K; Zarrouk, S.; Souissi, A.; El Abed, A. (2003). Diversité des Démosponges Tunisiennes. Bulletin Institut national des Sciences et Technologies de la mer de Salammbô. 30, 55-78.
additional source	Corriero, G. (1989). The sponge fauna from the Stagnone di Marsala (Sicily): taxonomic and ecological observations. Bolletino Museo Istituto Biologia Università Genova. 53: 101-113.
additional source	Lehnert, H.; van Soest, R.W.M. (1999). More North Jamaican deep fore-reef sponges. Beaufortia. 49 (12): 141-169.
additional source	Van Soest, R.W.M. (1981). A checklist of the Curaçao sponges (Porifera Demospongiae) including a pictorial key to the more common reef-forms. Verslagen en Technische Gegevens Instituut voor Taxonomische Zoölogie (Zoölogisch Museum) Universiteit van Amsterdam. 31: 1-39.
additional source	Kefalas, E.; Castritsi-Catharios, I; Miliou, H. (2003). The impacts of scallop dredging on sponge assemblages in the Gulf of Kalloni (Aegean Sea, northeastern Mediterranean). ICES Journal of Marine Science. 60, 402-10.
additional source	Schulze, F.E. (1877). Untersuchungen über den Bau und die Entwicklung der Spongien. Dritte Mittheilung. Die Familie der Chondrosidae. Zeitschrift für wissenschaftliche Zoologie. 29: 87-122, pls VIII-IX.
additional source	Babiç, K. (1922). Monactinellida und Tetractinellida des Adriatischen Meeres. Zoologische Jahrbücher. Abteilung für Systematik, Geographie und Biologie der Tiere. 46(2): 217-302, pls 8-9.
additional source	Laubenfels, M.W. de. (1936). A comparison of the shallow-water sponges near the Pacific end of the Panama Canal with those at the Caribbean end. Proceedings of the United States National Museum. 83 (2993): 441-466.
additional source	Topsent, E. (1925). Etude des Spongiaires du Golfe de Naples. Archives de Zoologie expérimentale et générale. 63(5): 623-725, pl. VIII.

Genbank

Citation

de Voogd, N.J.; Alvarez, B.; Boury-Esnault, N.; Cárdenas, P.; Díaz, M.-C.; Dohrmann, M.; Downey, R.; Goodwin, C.; Hajdu, E.; Hooper, J.N.A.; Kelly, M.; Klautau, M.; Lim, S.C.; Manconi, R.; Morrow, C.; Pinheiro, U.; Pisera, A.B.; Ríos, P.; Rützler, K.; Schönberg, C.; Turner, T.; Vacelet, J.; van Soest, R.W.M.; Xavier, J. (2025). World Porifera Database. Chondrilla nucula Schmidt, 1862. Via: Costello, M.J.; Bouchet, P.; Boxshall, G.; Arvantidis, C.; Appeltans, W. (2011) European Register of Marine Species, Accessed through PESI at http://www.eu-nomen.eu/portal/taxon.php?GUID=urn:lsid:marinespecies.org:taxname:134110