Higher Classification: > Kingdom Animalia > Phylum Porifera > Class Demospongiae > Order Astrophorida > Family Geodiidae > Subfamily Erylinae

Penares Gray, 1867

Rank: Genus
Taxon Status: accepted

Children

Penares candidata (Schmidt, 1868)
Penares euastrum (Schmidt, 1868)
Penares helleri (Schmidt, 1864)
Penares sclerobesa Topsent, 1904

Literature

original description	Gray, J.E. 1867a. Notes on the Arrangement of Sponges, with the Descriptions of some New Genera. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1867(2): 492-558, pls XXVII-XXVIII.
basis of record	Uriz, M.J. (2002). Family Ancorinidae Schmidt, 1870, in: Hooper, J.N.A.; Van Soest, R.W.M. (Ed.) (2002). Systema Porifera: a guide to the classification of sponges. pp. 108-126
additional source	Van Soest, R.W.M. 2001. Porifera, in: Costello, M.J. et al. (Ed.) (2001). European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels, 50: pp. 85-103
additional source	Kelly, M.; Edwards, A.R.; Wilkinson, M.R.; Alvarez, B.; Cook, S. de C.; Bergquist, P.R.; Buckeridge, St J.; Campbell, H.J.; Reiswig, H.M.; Valentine, C.; Vacelet, J. (2009). Phylum Porifera: sponges, in: Gordon, D.P. (Ed.) (2009). New Zealand inventory of biodiversity: 1. Kingdom Animalia: Radiata, Lophotrochozoa, Deuterostomia. pp. 23-46.
additional source	Cárdenas, P.; Rapp, H.T.; Schander, C.; Tendal, O.S. 2010. Molecular taxonomy and phylogeny of the Geodiidae (Porifera, Demospongiae, Astrophorida) - combining phylogenetic and Linnaean classification. Zoologica Scripta 39: 89-106.
additional source	Cárdenas P, Xavier JR, Reveillaud J, Schander C, Rapp HT (2011) Molecular Phylogeny of the Astrophorida (Porifera, Demospongiae) Reveals an Unexpected High Level of Spicule Homoplasy. PLoS ONE 6(4)
additional source	Chombard, C.; Boury-Esnault, N.; Tillier, S. 1998. Reassessment of Homology of Morphological Characters in Tetractinellid Sponges Based on Molecular Data. Systematic Biology 47(3): 351-366.

Genbank

External Links

GenBank
GBIF

Citation

Boury-Esnault, N.; van Soest, R. (2014). Penares Gray, 1867. In: Van Soest, R.W.M; Boury-Esnault, N.; Hooper, J.N.A.; Rützler, K.; de Voogd, N.J.; Alvarez de Glasby, B.; Hajdu, E.; Pisera, A.B.; Manconi, R.; Schoenberg, C.; Janussen, D.; Tabachnick, K.R., Klautau, M.; Picton, B.; Kelly, M.; Vacelet, J.; Dohrmann, M.; Cristina Díaz, M.; Cárdenas, P. (2014) World Porifera database. In: Costello, M.J.; Bouchet, P.; Boxshall, G.; Arvantidis, C.; Appeltans, W. (2014) European Register of Marine Species, accessed through PESI at http://www.eu-nomen.eu/portal/taxon.php?GUID=urn:lsid:marinespecies.org:taxname:131992