Higher Classification: > Kingdom Animalia > Phylum Mollusca > Class Bivalvia > Subclass Heterodonta > Infraclass Euheterodonta > Order [unassigned] Euheterodonta > Superfamily Solenoidea > Family Pharidae > Genus Ensis

Ensis directus (Conrad, 1843)

Rank: Species
Taxon Status: accepted

Relationships towards this taxon

Genus group names

*Ensis*	Schumacher, 1817	accepted genus name
*Ensatella*	Swainson, 1840	synonym

Species group names

*Ensis americanus*	(Gould, 1870)	synonym
*Solen directus*	Conrad, 1843	synonym
*Solen ensis var. americana*	Gould & Binney, 1870	synonym

Vernaculars (+) (-)

Danish: Amerikansk knivmusling sources: PESI (A Pan-European Species directories Infrastructure) focal points

English: American jack knife clam; Atlantic jack knife clam sources: Hayward, P.J.; Nelson-Smith, A.; Shields, C. (1996). Collins pocket guide: sea shore of Britain and Europe. Collins pocket guides. Harper-Collins Publishers: London, UK. ISBN 0-00-219955-6. 352 pp.;Dewarumez, J.-M.; Gévaert, F.; Massé, C.; Foveau, A.; Desroy, N.; Grulois, D. (2011). Les espèces marines animales et végétales introduites dans le bassin Artois-Picardie . UMR CNRS 8187 LOG/Agence de l’Eau Artois-Picardie: Douai. 138 pp.

French: couteau américain; couteau droit sources: Strandvondsten van Gravelines tot Nieuwpoort. Ecogids Tjiftjaf;Chabot, R. & Rossignol, A. 2003. Algues et faune du littoral du Saint-Laurent maritime: Guide d'identification. Institut des sciences de la mer de Rimouski, Rimouski; Pêches et Océans Canada (Institut Maurice-Lamontagne), Mont-Joli. 113 pages.

German: Amerikanische Scheidenmuschel; Amerikanische Schwertmuschel

Literature

basis of record	Cosel R. von, 2009. The razor shells of the eastern Atlantic, part 2. Pharidae II: the genus Ensis Schumacher, 1817 (Bivalvia, Solenoidea). Basteria, 73: 9-56
additional source	Brunel, P., Bosse, L. & Lamarche, G. (1998). Catalogue of the marine invertebrates of the estuary and Gulf of St. Lawrence. Canadian Special Publication of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 126. 405 p.
additional source	Trott, T.J. 2004. Cobscook Bay inventory: a historical checklist of marine invertebrates spanning 162 years. Northeastern Naturalist (Special Issue 2): 261 - 324.
additional source	Vierna J., Cuperus J., Martínez-Lage A., Jansen J.M., Perina A., Van Pelt H. & González-Tizón, A.M. (2014) Species delimitation and DNA barcoding of Atlantic Ensis (Bivalvia, Pharidae). Zoologica Scripta 43(2): 161–171. [Published online 3 September 2013; Code-compliant paper version published March 2014]
additional source	Meinkoth, N.A. 1981. Field guide to North American seashore creatures. The Audubon Society. Alfred A. Knopf. New York. 799 p.
additional source	Streftaris, N.; Zenetos, A.; Papathanassiou, E. (2005). Globalisation in marine ecosystems: the story of non-indigenous marine species across European seas. Oceanogr. Mar. Biol. Ann. Rev. 43: 419-453
additional source	Turgeon, D. D., W. G. Lyons, P. Mikkelsen, G. Rosenberg, and F. Moretzsohn. 2009. Bivalvia (Mollusca) of the Gulf of Mexico, Pp. 711–744 in Felder, D.L. and D.K. Camp (eds.), Gulf of Mexico–Origins, Waters, and Biota. Biodiversity. Texas A&M Press, Colleg
additional source	Vierna J., Jensen K.T., González-Tizón A.M. & Martínez-Lage A. (2012) Population genetic analysis of Ensis directus unveils high genetic variation in the introduced range and reveals a new species from the NW Atlantic. Marine Biology 159(10): 2209–2227. [Published online 31 July 2012; Code-compliant version published in October 2012]

Genbank

Taxonomy

CLEMAM
WoRMS

External Links

Biodiversity Heritage Library (117 publications)
Barcode of Life (1 barcode)
USNM Invertebrate Zoology Mollusca Collection
Delivering Alien Invasive Species Inventories for Europe (DAISIE)
European Network on Invasive Alien Species (NOBANIS) - Ensis americanus
GenBank (596 nucleotides; 183 proteins)
GBIF

Citation

von Cosel, R.; Gofas, S. (2014). Ensis directus. In: Costello, M.J.; Bouchet, P.; Boxshall, G.; Arvantidis, C.; Appeltans, W. (2014) European Register of Marine Species, accessed through PESI at http://www.eu-nomen.eu/portal/taxon.php?GUID=urn:lsid:marinespecies.org:taxname:140732